Imikhiqizo

I-SVC yethu ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni namasayithi ahlukene: i-MCR, i-TSC, ne-TCR. I-MCR yohlobo lwe-SVC ithatha i-self-compated DC excitation futhi ikhawulele imodi yokusebenza yamagnetic saturation, engagcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu ama-harmonics akhiqiziwe, kodwa futhi enokulahlekelwa kwamandla asebenzayo aphansi kanye nesivinini sokuphendula ngokushesha. Ngokushintsha i-engeli yokucupha ye-thyristor kusistimu ye-MCR evusa amadlingozi, idigri yokugcwaliswa kwe-flux kazibuthe kumongo we-reactor yokulawula kazibuthe ingashintshwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule amandla asebenzayo aphumayo we-reactor yokulawula kazibuthe.

I-MCR yohlobo lwe-SVC inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kakhulu, mahhala ukugcinwa, kanye nempilo yesevisi engaphansi kweminyaka engama-20. Amasistimu abalulekile afana namanethiwekhi okuphakelwa kukagesi kaloliwe ohamba ngogesi anikezwe indawo yokuqala ukuze asetshenziswe; Iyakwazi ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kunoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenza yegridi yamandla enokhahlo (njengokuhlanekezela kwe-voltage waveform, ukushintshashintsha kwe-amplitude enkulu, njll.); Ingasebenza ngokuqondile kunoma iyiphi igridi yamandla ezinga le-voltage (6-500kV), futhi kulula ukuyifaka (efana nama-transformer ajwayelekile) kanye nokulungisa iphutha; Umthamo wesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ungalungiswa ngokungenamkhawulo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wesinxephezelo ongcono kakhulu.

I-SVG njengomthombo wamandla asebenzayo ashukumisayo, isebenzisa izingxenye zekhompuyutha ezinesivinini esikhulu njenge-DSP/IGBT, ehlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokulawula ukunemba okukhulu, ukulandelela izinguquko zesikhathi sangempela kugridi yamanje, nokwandisa inani le-PF libe ngu-0.99 phakathi kuka-15ms.
Ukusetshenziswa okusabalele komthamo omkhulu wemithwalo engaqondile kanye nemithwalo eshukumisayo efana nemishini kagesi kagesi kumagridi okudlulisa nokusabalalisa kanye nabasebenzisi bezimboni kulethe izinkinga ezinkulu zekhwalithi yamandla. I-SVG ingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yamandla endaweni yokuxhuma phakathi kwemithwalo negridi yamandla omphakathi, njengokuthuthukisa isici samandla, ukunqoba ukungalingani kwezigaba ezintathu, ukuqeda ukucwayiza kwamandla kagesi kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, nokucindezela ukungcoliswa kwe-harmonic.
Idivayisi yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo e-SVG ekhiqizwa inkampani yethu inezinzuzo ngesivinini sokuphendula, ugesi wegridi ozinzile, ukuncipha kokulahlekelwa kwesistimu, ukukhuphuka kwamandla okudlulisela, ukuthuthukiswa komkhawulo wamandla kagesi wesikhashana, ukuncishiswa kwama-harmonics, kanye nokuncishiswa kwezinyathelo. Inkampani yethu inokuxhumana okuseduze kwezemfundo nokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe nezikhungo zocwaningo ezaziwayo nezinkampani zikagesi ekhaya naphesheya. Sizimisele ukusebenzisana namakhasimende ethu ukuze sithuthukise izinga lamandla egridi kagesi ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nemikhiqizo eseqophelweni eliphezulu, futhi sibambe iqhaza ekongiweni kukagesi, ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphephile emikhakheni yokuphehla ugesi, ukuhlinzeka, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ibhekene nenkinga enzima yokungcoliswa kwe-harmonic yamandla, i-AHF iyithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla. I-AHF iyisisetshenziswa esisha esikhethekile sokulawula i-harmonic yamandla esakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bamandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula amasignali edijithali okusekelwe kumadivayisi okucubungula e-DSP anesivinini esikhulu. I-AHF ilingana nejeneretha yamanje ye-harmonic, elandelela izingxenye ze-harmonic ku-harmonic current futhi ikhiqize ama-harmonic currents nge-amplitude elinganayo nesigaba esiphambene.I-AHF iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: umjikelezo wokusebenza kwamanje kanye nesifunda sesinxephezelo sesizukulwane samanje. Umjikelezo wokusebenza kwamanje weziyalezo uhlonza i-current in circuit ngesikhathi sangempela, uguqule isignali yamanje ye-analog ibe isignali yedijithali, futhi iyithumele kuphrosesa yedijithali enesivinini esikhulu (i-DSP) ukuze kucutshungulwe isignali. Ama-harmonic kanye nama-basic currents ahlukaniswa ukuze kutholwe isifundiso samanje, esibe sesithunyelwa kumjikelezo wesizukulwane samanje sesinxephezelo ngendlela yesignali ye-pulse wide modulation (PWM) ngokusebenzisa isifunda sokulawula ukulandelwa kwamanje kanye nesekethe yedrayivu. Amamojula wamandla e-IGBT kanye ne-IPM aqhutshwa ukuze akhiqize amandla amanje esinxephezelo ane-amplitude efanayo ne-polarity ephambene ne-harmonic current, efakwa kugridi yamandla ukuze kunxeshezelwe noma kukhanselwe i-harmonic yamanje, ukuqeda ngenkuthalo ukuhambisana kwamandla, futhi kuzuzwe ukucubungula okuguquguqukayo, okusheshayo, nokuphelele kokuvumelana kwamandla.

I-IGES inganxephezela izindawo ezingaboni ngaso linye ekuqapheni nasekuvikeleni amanethiwekhi akhona esiteshi esincane, futhi iyisixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi esibanzi nohlelo lokuvikela oluqaphela ukuphathwa kwedijithali nokukhaliphile kwamanethiwekhi esiteshi esincane. I-IGES ingahlinzeka ngokuqapha okuku-inthanethi kwesikhathi sangempela okunamaphuzu amaningi kanye ne-multi-dimensional real-dimensional kanye nokuqoshwa kwe-waveform, iqaphe ngokugcwele izingozi zokuphepha ezisekelwe phansi zesistimu, ibe nemisebenzi eyisixwayiso, futhi ibe nekhono lokuvikela ngenkuthalo ezingozini zokuphepha ezihlukahlukene zokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nezisekelo zokuphepha ohlelweni lwesibili.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-IGES ehlakaniphile yesexwayiso segridi yomhlabathi kanye nesistimu yokuvikela ihlanganisa: (1) ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuvikela ku-inthanethi efana nokugcwala ngokweqile kwesibili, amandla okumelana nokuhlasela komhlaba okungaphezu kwamandla, kanye nokucindezelwa kokuphazanyiswa kwegridi yaphansi; (2) Nikeza umsebenzi wokuqapha idatha wesikhathi sangempela wamapharamitha abalulekile njengokuvimba phansi, amandla okubamba phansi, amandla egridi aphansi, nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectrum; (3) Ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yangaphambi kwe-alamu njengokuvimba komhlaba ukweqa umkhawulo, amandla asemhlabeni eqa umkhawulo, amandla kagesi kanye nomkhawulo wamanje oweqa umkhawulo, njll; (4) Nikeza inkundla yokuphatha yedijithali, ehlinzeka ngokuboniswa kwe-inthanethi kwedatha enkulu yepharamitha kagesi namagagasi, amarekhodi omlando, amarekhodi ezenzakalo ezibalulekile, isixwayiso nokuzivikela, njll.

I-CAFS ithuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ezicini zokusebenza zangempela zamakhebuli kagesi angu-6kV~110kV. Yamukela uhlaka olusabalalisiwe olunezingqimba futhi ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bedijithali ukuze ivumelane nezimo zokusebenza ezinokhahlo. Iqapha isimo sokufakwa kwamakhebula kagesi asebenzayo futhi ihlaziya amaza ahambayo esikhashana ezintambo zamandla zezintambo ezigxilisa izintambo ngesikhathi sangempelaIzici zesignali, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwamaphutha okufakwa kwamakhebula kagesi nokubikezela okufika ngesikhathi, ukuze kugwenywe ukuphela kukagesi okubangelwa ukwehluleka kungazelelwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi.

I-RONS ithwebula ngokunembile yonke imininingwane yeleveli ye-nanosecond peak overvoltage, futhi iyisibonakhulu kanye nengilazi yokukhulisa amandla okweqile kwesikhashana. Isihlaziyi sokurekhoda sezinga le-RONS peak overvoltage nanosecond sinemisebenzi emithathu emikhulu: ukuqapha, ukurekhoda, nokuhlaziya. I-RONS inemvamisa yesampula ephezulu engu-20MHz futhi ingaqapha amandla kagesi kanye namandla esistimu ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi. Ingarekhoda i-voltage kanye ne-fault waveforms yesistimu isikhathi eside.

I-RAVS iyithuluzi lokuqapha eliklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukurekhodwa kwe-inthanethi kwemvamisa ephezulu yezinguquko ezingazelelwe ku-voltage yesistimu. I-RAVS ingaqapha amandla kagesi wesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi, iqaphe ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye nekhwalithi yamandla ohlelo, futhi inezici zokunemba okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, isivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu, nokuzinza okuphezulu.

I-RAVS ayikwazi ukuthwebula ngokunembile ulwazi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi wesistimu yesikhathi esifushane isebenzisa amarekhoda e-waveform asetshenziswa ngokuvamile noma amadivaysi okuqapha ikhwalithi yamandla emakethe. I-RAVS ingakwazi ukuqapha ngokunembile futhi irekhode izinguquko ku-voltage yesistimu isikhathi eside, futhi yenze ukuhlaziya kwesikhathi sangempela kwezindaba zikagesi ezifana ne-voltage flicker, i-voltage oscillation, ukuchezuka kwamandla kagesi, ukuphakama kwe-voltage, i-voltage grounding, i-voltage short circuit, njll. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya erekhodiwe, inikeza izilinganiso ezinembile zokwengeza nezisombululo ezinengqondo zesixwayiso sephutha, ukuhlaziya iphutha ku-inthanethi, ukuqapha amaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokwenza i-RAVS yangempela. ikhwalithi yamandla njenge-voltage yesistimu, yamanje, amandla, i-THD, nokungalingani.

I-RAVS iyithuluzi lokuqapha eliklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukurekhodwa kwe-inthanethi kwemvamisa ephezulu yezinguquko ezingazelelwe ku-voltage yesistimu. I-RAVS ingaqapha amandla kagesi wesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi, iqaphe ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye nekhwalithi yamandla ohlelo, futhi inezici zokunemba okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, isivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu, nokuzinza okuphezulu.

I-GPAS iyisisetshenziswa sokuvikela umbani esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi esisebenzayo esihlanganisa ukucindezelwa okungaba khona kokuhlasela komhlaba kanye nokuvikela i-fault arc. Inganciphisa kakhulu umonakalo kanye nomthelela wokuhlasela okungase kube khona phansi kanye namaphutha e-arc ezintweni zokusebenza lapho echayeke ezingozini zombani.

Lapho umbani oqondile ushaya, induku yombani noma inethiwekhi yokuvikela umbani ixhunyiwe, futhi umbani onamandla ugeleza kugridi yomhlabathi. Uma olayini bamandla kagesi aphezulu bebona ukugcwala kombani, amandla ombani agelezela kugridi yaphansi ngokusebenzisa izibambisi zombani. Lapho imishini yokuphazamisa eqinile efana nemishini yokushisela isebenza, amandla okuphazamisa anamandla akhiqizwa yiwo nawo azogeleza kugridi yomhlabathi. Amandla okugxilisa aqinile angabangela ukulahleka kwedatha, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwempahla, ukukhubeka kwemishini, ukulimala kokufakwa kwensimbi noma ukushiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi.

I-GPAS inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nesikhathi sesenzo esifushane, esingahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo imisinga yombani wefrikhwensi ephezulu, ivimbele imisinga yombani ekuhlaseleni inethiwekhi evikelayo evikela umbani, futhi igweme ngokuphumelelayo ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokukhiqiza ukuphepha ezifana nemililo nokuqhuma.

Idivayisi ye-LOPS yokucindezela ibhasi ene-voltage ephansi ye-voltage overvoltage ixhunywe ngokuqondile ngokuhambisana nebhasi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezilawuli ezisheshayo, izilawuli ezingezona umugqa zamandla aphezulu, izinqamuli ze-overvoltage peak, kanye nokucindezelwa kokuhlasela. Ibalwa ngokwesayensi futhi yaklanywa kahle. I-LOPS isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici ezinhle kakhulu ze-volt ampere, umthamo omkhulu oshisayo, kanye nesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo sezixhumi ze-overvoltage, izinqamuleli ezingezona umugqa, kanye nemishini yokucindezela i-counterattack. Ngokuvamile, ukusetha inani lesenzo se-LOPS izikhathi ezingu-1.2 i-voltage yesigaba sesistimu (engenziwa ngokwezifiso ezimweni ezikhethekile) kungathola imiphumela emihle ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

I-LOPS ixhumeke ngokuqondile ngokuhambisana nebha yebhasi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezilawuli ezisheshayo, izimelambi ezingezona umugqa zamandla aphezulu, izinqamuli ze-overvoltage peak, kanye nokucindezelwa kokuhlasela. Ibalwa ngokwesayensi futhi yaklanywa kahle. I-LOPS inxephezela ukushiyeka okufana ne-SPD, ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage okuhlanganisiwe, nokumuncwa kwamandla okumelana, ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokugcwala ngokweqile kubha enkulu ye-voltage emaphakathi.

35kV~6kV olayini abangaphezulu bavame ukufaka izibambi ze-ZnO. Kukhona amaphutha aholela ekukhubekeni, ekwephukeni komugqa kanye nokucisha.
Ukuvikelwa Kombani Okusha Kolayini Wokudluliswa Kombani (LOPT) Kusekelwe kumphumela oseduze we-cathode, ubuchwepheshe bokuvunguza nokucima kwegebe elifushane leleveli eminingi, ukweqa izici ezizwelayo kagesi zezibopheli ze-ZnO, kusebenzisa isimiso sokuvunguza nokucisha kwe-arc yamagumbi amaningi, idizayini yesakhiwo ekhethekile ukuze kwelule futhi kunwetshwe umgomo ogqamile we-arc. ukucisha.

I-LOPT inezinzuzo ezifana nokuphepha, okuthembeke kakhulu, ubude besikhathi eside, kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane. Ingakhulula ngokushesha amandla ombani, ivimbele ukugqashuka kombani kanye nokukhubeka, futhi inemisebenzi yamahhala yesondlo nokuzihlanza.

I-GIMS ingasetshenziswa kulo lonke uhlelo lwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, ikakhulukazi amagumbi okusabalalisa, amagumbi okulawula, ngisho nemishini eyodwa. Idivayisi inemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko: okokuqala, ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha amapharamitha ahlukahlukene njengokumelana nesisekelo, amandla amanje okumisa phansi, namandla okumisa inethiwekhi ye-grounding ku-inthanethi, kulula kubasebenzisi ukuthi babambe ngesikhathi sangempela isimo sesikhathi sangempela kanye nenqubo yokuwohloka kwenethiwekhi yokumisa; Okwesibili ukuvikela ngempumelelo ekuphazamisekeni kwe-high-frequency kugridi yaphansi, ukucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwemishini yesibili okubangelwa ukuhlasela okungase kube khona phansi, ukugcwala komhlabathi, njll., kanye nokunciphisa amaphutha okungasebenzi kahle kanye nokulinganisa kwezinhlelo eziphelele zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo namathuluzi anembayo; Okwesithathu, ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo imisinga yombani wefrikhwensi ephezulu, ivimbele imisinga yombani ekuhlaseleni inethiwekhi yokuvikela evikela umbani kusukela kunethiwekhi yokuvikela umbani, futhi inciphise ngokuphawulekayo umonakalo nomthelela wokuhlasela okungenzeka komhlabathi kanye namaphutha e-arc ezintweni ezibangelwa izingozi zombani.

I-GIMS iqukethe iyunithi yokuqapha, iyunithi yokulinganisa, iyunithi yokucindezela iziphazamiso eziphansi, kanye neyunithi yokucindezela yokulwa nokuhlasela okungenzeka phansi. Bona ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi kwesimo segridi yaphansi, cindezela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwegridi yaphansi kanye nokuhlasela okungase kube khona phansi, futhi uzuze amakhono ahlakaniphile, aqhutshwa yidatha, angenamuntu, nanokuziphilisa wegridi yaphansi.

I-TOVS iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzayo sokuvikela ukuphepha kukagesi esihlanganisa ukucindezelwa kwe-voltage overvoltage, ukucindezelwa kwe-overvoltage okungase kube khona phansi, ukucindezelwa kwe-overvoltage yokusebenza, ukucindezelwa kwe-resonance overvoltage, ukulawulwa kokukhuphuka kwesikhashana kwe-voltage, kanye nokucindezela kokuphazamiseka komthwalo.
Idivayisi ye-TOVS yokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ifakwe emthwalweni ozovikelwa futhi ingalungiswa odongeni noma ifakwe ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa. Ilungele ukufaka nokusebenzisa, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezifana nombani nemililo kagesi.
Idivayisi ye-TOVS yokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla kulula ukuyilungisa. Ngemva kokuthi idivayisi ixhunyiwe, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okungenayo kujwayelekile yini. Ngemva kokukhanyisa, idivayisi izongena ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni sokusebenza, futhi inkomba yamanje yedivayisi izobonisa okuphumayo kwamanje. Uma kwenzeka i-overvoltage, idivayisi icindezela futhi ivikele ngaphandle kokusebenza.

I-GDIS ifanele okokusebenza okubalulekile kokulawula okuzwelayo (okufana ne-DCS ne-PLC) ezinqubweni eziqhubekayo zokukhiqiza, ivikela ngempumelelo ekuphazanyisweni kwemvamisa ephezulu evela kugridi yaphansi, ukucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwemishini yesibili okubangelwa ukuhlasela okungase kube khona emhlabathini, ukugcwala komhlabathi, njll., kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kabi kanye namaphutha okulinganisa wezinhlelo eziphelele zokulawula ezishintshayo kanye namathuluzi anembayo.

Umthelela wokucindezela we-GDIS uthintwa kancane ukuthimbezeleka kwegridi yaphansi futhi unobudlelwano obuncane nokumelana nokuxhumeka okuphansi. Ifinyelela ikakhulukazi umgomo wokugcina wokucindezela ukuphazamiseka ngokuvikela kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla kwe-ground grid interference suppressor GDIS uqobo.

I-GDIS inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nesikhathi sesenzo esifushane, esingahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo imisinga yombani wemvamisa ephezulu, sinciphise ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokulawula, sivimbele ukuvalwa okungahleliwe okubangelwa ukunqamuka kukagesi wendawo, futhi kuvimbele izinhlekelele ezinkulu ezifana nemililo nokuqhuma okubangelwa izingozi zesibili.

I-VTIS ingakwazi ukuvikela ngokuphelele izinto ezibalulekile ezinciphisa ukuthembeka kokulawulwa kwamandla kwesibili kuma-breaker circuit, njengokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi, ukuphazamiseka, ukugcwala kombani, ukulahleka kwamandla esikhashana, njll., okungabangela ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula luhluleke ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukuvala shaqa noma ukulimala ohlelweni oluyinhloko noma okokusebenza okubangelwa izizathu ezingenhla.

I-VTIS iqukethe imojula yokulawula i-oscillation ehambisanayo kanye nemojula yokucindezela kokuphazanyiswa kochungechunge. Imojula yokucindezela kokuphazanyiswa yochungechunge isebenza kumodi yesikhathi eside futhi ihlale igcina isimo sokusebenza esiqhubekayo. Lapho isilawuli sesibili sikagesi noma isiphazamiso sesifunda sesifunda singaphansi kweziphazamiso eziningi ezifana nokugcwala kombani, i-overvoltage engase ihlasele phansi, i-overvoltage yokusebenza, i-resonance overvoltage, i-voltage edlulayo, i-harmonic, ukuphazamiseka kwe-high-frequency, njll., ingacindezela ngempumelelo futhi ivikele ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuphephile kohlelo lwesibili.

I-VSAM ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo othintana naye ukuthi angakhubeki ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla kagesi/ukucisha kukagesi okubangelwa ukuzamazama, ukugcina othintana naye ematasa ngesikhathi sokuzamazama, ukugwema ukukhubeka ngesikhathi sokuzamazama, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile nokuqhubekayo kwemishini.
I-VSAM inezintambo ezilula, ukufakwa kalula, ukusebenza okulula, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwesikhathi sokulwa nokuzamazama. Ingasetshenziselwa noma yiluphi uhlobo AC220V, AC380V contactor.

Isivikeli se-VSAM anti oscillation singaphinda siqedele ukutholwa nokusebenza kokulandela ngomkhondo okuhambisanayo kwe-voltage enkulu, sifinyelele imvamisa kanye nokukhiya isigaba se-voltage yama-mains, futhi singakwazi futhi ukubona inani elisheshayo le-voltage yamapayipi ngesikhathi sangempela, iqinisekise ukuthi ishintshela ekuphumeni kwe-inverter ye-VSAM ngaphakathi kwama-milliseconds lapho amandla amakhulu ehluleka, iqinisekisa ukuthintana futhi iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi imvamisa ayisebenzi. isiguquli kanye nesiqalisi esithambile.
I-VSAM isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana ne-petroleum, amakhemikhali, i-metallurgical, izimayini, amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, izimboni zikamasipala, nezempi.